The first stage: the shedding and cutting stage

In this type of constant-pressure honing, the contact area between the honing stone and the hole wall is very small at the beginning due to the roughness of the hole wall, resulting in high contact pressure. The protruding parts of the hole wall are quickly worn away. Due to the high contact pressure on the honing stone surface, coupled with the wear of the honing stone binder by the chips, the bonding strength between the abrasive grains and the binder decreases. Consequently, some abrasive grains detach on their own under the cutting pressure, exposing new abrasive grains on the honing stone surface. This is known as honing stone self-sharpening.

Second stage: Crushing and cutting stage

As honing progresses, the hole surface becomes increasingly smooth, the contact area with the honing stone increases, and the contact pressure per unit area decreases, leading to a reduction in cutting efficiency. Simultaneously, the cut chips are small and fine, resulting in minimal wear on the binder. Therefore, very few abrasive grains detach from the honing stone; at this stage, grinding is not achieved through new abrasive grains, but rather through cutting at the grain tips. Consequently, the load on the abrasive grain tips is substantial, causing the grains to easily break and fragment, forming new cutting edges.

Phase 3: Blocking and Cutting Stage

As honing continues, the contact area between the honing stone and the hole surface increases. Extremely fine chips accumulate between the honing stone and the hole wall, making them difficult to remove and causing the honing stone to become clogged and very smooth. Therefore, the honing stone's cutting ability is extremely low, equivalent to polishing. If honing continues, and the honing stone becomes severely clogged and develops adhesive blockage, the honing stone completely loses its cutting ability and generates significant heat, affecting both the hole's accuracy and surface roughness. In this case, honing should be stopped as soon as possible.